Java开发工具包(JDK)对加密和安全性有很好的支持。其中一个优势就是其内置的对Socket通信的支持。因此,很轻易做到在服务器和客户之间建立安全的数据流。 Java streams 是一个强大的编程工具。java.io包提供了很多标准的流类型,并能很轻易的建立自己的流类型。流的一个有用的特点是和链表一样的简单处理过程。表A是一个用链表读取文本的例子: ufferedReader br = new BufferedReader( new FileReader(“c:\foo.txt”)); String line = null; while((line = br.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(line); } 这段代码将 FileReader和 BufferedReader链接起来。我们在用客户机/服务器应用程序的时候也会用到类似的概念。 要害字 对于验证来说,要害字很重要,表B(KeyGen.java)提供了一个称为getSecretKey的标准方法。通过运行KeyGen来产生一个要害字。因为我们采用同步方法,所以客户机和服务器必须用相同的要害字。 isting B?KeyGen.java /* * Created by IntelliJ IDEA. * User: jbirchfield * Date: Mar 19, 2002 * Time: 9:33:22 AM */ import com.sun.crypto.provider.SunJCE; import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.ObjectInputStream; import java.io.ObjectOutputStream; import java.security.Key; import java.security.NoSUChAlgorithmException; import java.security.Security; public class KeyGen { public static final String KEY_FILE = "secret.key"; public static final String ALGORITHM = "DES"; public static void main(String[] args) { Security.addProvider(new SunJCE()); new KeyGen(); } public KeyGen() { KeyGenerator kg = null; try { kg = KeyGenerator. getInstance(ALGORITHM); Key key = kg.generateKey(); writeKey(KEY_FILE, key); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private void writeKey(String filename, Object o) { try { FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(filename); ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos); oos.writeObject(o); oos.flush(); fos.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static Key getSecretKey() { Security.addProvider(new SunJCE()); FileInputStream fis = null; try { fis = new FileInputStream(KEY_FILE); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Key key = null; try { ObjectInputStream ois = null; ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis); key = null; key = (Key) ois.readObject(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("key = " + key); return key; } } 安全socket 我们从一个简单的类开始,它提供我们在普通socket对象之上的加密。表C(SecretSocket.java)包含了两段代码-Socket和Key对象。我们的构造器创建了变量并初始化了密码: outCipher = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm); outCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key); inCipher = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm); inCipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key); isting C?SecretSocket.java /* * Created by IntelliJ IDEA. * User: jbirchfield * Date: Mar 20, 2002 * Time: 9:07:51 AM */ import org.bouncycastle. jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider; import javax.crypto.Cipher; import javax.crypto.CipherInputStream; import javax.crypto.CipherOutputStream; import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator; import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.UnknownHostException; import java.security.InvalidKeyException; import java.security.Key; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.security.NoSuchProviderException; import java.security.Security; public class SecretSocket { private Key key = null; private Cipher outCipher = null; private Cipher inCipher = null; private CipherInputStream cis = null; private CipherOutputStream cos = null; private Socket socket = null; private String algorithm = "DES"; public SecretSocket (Socket socket, Key key) { this.socket = socket; this.key = key; algorithm = key.getAlgorithm(); initializeCipher(); } private void initializeCipher() { try { outCipher = Cipher.getInstance (algorithm); outCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key); inCipher = Cipher.getInstance (algorithm); inCipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidKeyException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException { InputStream is = socket.getInputStream(); cis = new CipherInputStream (is, inCipher); return cis; } public OutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException { OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream(); cos = new CipherOutputStream (os, outCipher); return cos; } } 因为socket是双向的通信,所以我们采用两个密码。加密输出的数据并解密输入的数据。我们使用getInputStream()和getOutputStream(),这两种方法来加密合解密通用的输入和输出的经过包装的数据流。见表D。 isting D public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException { InputStream is = socket.getInputStream(); cis = new CipherInputStream(is, inCipher); return cis; } public OutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException { OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream(); cos = new CipherOutputStream(os, outCipher); return cos; } 在JCE的javax.crypto包中包含CipherInputStream和CipherOutputStream这两种流类型。他们接收输入输出的流对象和密码对象。 Socket 服务器 开始写我们的socket服务器类吧。表E(SecretSocketServer.java)是一个完整的列表。SecretSocketServer在一个端口打开ServerSocket,当接收到连接时,使用SocketHandler产生一个线程来操作连接。 isting E?SecretSocketServer.java /* * Created by IntelliJ IDEA. * User: jbirchfield * Date: Mar 20, 2002 * Time: 9:32:17 AM */ import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; import java.io.IOException; public class SecretSocketServer { public static void main(String[] args) { new SecretSocketServer(); } public SecretSocketServer() { ServerSocket ss = null; try { ss = new ServerSocket(4444); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } while(true) { try { System.out.println ("Waiting..."); Socket s = ss.accept
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