六. SPFILE的备份与恢复 在本文开篇我们提到,Oracle把Spfile也纳入到Rman的备份恢复策略当中,假如你配置了控制文件自动备份(autoback),那么Oracle会在数据库发生重大变化(如增减表空间)时自动进行控制文件及Spfile文件的备份。
下面我们来看一下这个过程: a. 设置控制文件自动备份: [oracle@jumper oracle]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - ProdUCtion Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. connected to target database: HSJF (DBID=1052178311) RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog old RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; new RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored RMAN> exit 这个设置可以在数据库中通过如下方式查询得到: [oracle@jumper bdump]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat Jan 17 01:08:05 2004 Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options JServer Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production SQL> select * from v$rman_configuration; CONF# NAME VALUE ---------- ------------------------- ---------- 1 CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON b. 记录数据库变化 SQL> create tablespace eygle 2 datafile '/data1/oracle/oradata/eygle01.dbf' 3 size 5M; Tablespace created. 假如新创建一个表空间,这时候检查alert<sid>.log文件,你可以在其中发现这样的备份信息: Sat Jan 17 00:55:57 2004Starting control autobackupControl autobackup written to DISK devicehandle '/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/c-1052178311-20040117-00'Completed: create tablespace eygledatafile '/data1/oracle/oradata/eygle01.dbf’ 假如使用rman进行备份,在提示中你可以看到如下信息: RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on; old RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; new RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored RMAN> run 2> { 3> allocate channel ch1 type disk format='e:\oracle\orabak\penny%t.arc'; 4> backup archivelog all delete all input; 5> release channel ch1; 6> } allocated channel: ch1 channel ch1: sid=13 devtype=DISK Starting backup at 02-DEC-03 current log archived channel ch1: starting archive log backupset channel ch1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set input archive log thread=1 sequence=63 recid=168 stamp=511712617 input archive log thread=1 sequence=64 recid=169 stamp=511712620 input archive log thread=1 sequence=65 recid=170 stamp=511712626 input archive log thread=1 sequence=66 recid=171 stamp=511712690 channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 02-DEC-03 channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 02-DEC-03 piece handle=E:\ORACLE\ORABAK\PENNY511712693.ARC comment=NONE channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 channel ch1: deleting archive log(s) archive log filename=E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\PENNY\ARCHIVE\1_63.DBF recid=168 stamp=511712617 archive log filename=E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\PENNY\ARCHIVE\1_64.DBF recid=169 stamp=511712620 archive log filename=E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\PENNY\ARCHIVE\1_65.DBF recid=170 stamp=511712626 archive log filename=E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\PENNY\ARCHIVE\1_66.DBF recid=171 stamp=511712690 Finished backup at 02-DEC-03 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-DEC-03 piece handle=E:\ORACLE\ORA92\DATABASE\C-3627775766-20031202-01 comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-DEC-03 released channel: ch1 我们简单看一下自动备份的控制文件及spfile文件的格式及命名规则: c-IIIIIIIIII-YYYYMMDD-QQ c ------------------------控制文件 IIIIIIIIII---------DBID YYYYMMDD------------时间戳 QQ----------------------序号00-FF,16进制表示 c. 使用自动备份恢复spfile文件 [oracle@jumper bdump]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. connected to target database: HSJF (DBID=1052178311) RMAN> restore spfile to '/tmp/spfileeygle.ora' from autobackup;
Starting restore at 17-JAN-04 using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=18 devtype=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20040117 channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: c-1052178311-20040117-01 channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from autobackup complete Finished restore at 17-JAN-04 RMAN> exit Recovery Manager complete. [oracle@jumper bdump]$ ls -l /tmp/spfileeygle.ora -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 3584 1月 17 09:34 /tmp/spfileeygle.ora 你同样可以通过这种方法恢复控制文件,示例如下: [oracle@jumper bdump]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. connected to target database: HSJF (DBID=1052178311) RMAN> restore controlfile to '/tmp/control01.ctl' from autobackup; Starting restore at 17-JAN-04 using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=10 devtype=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20040117 channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: c-1052178311-20040117-02 channel ORA_DISK_1: controlfile restore from autobackup complete Finished restore at 17-JAN-04 RMAN> exit Recovery Manager complete. [oracle@jumper bdump]$ ls -l /tmp/control* -rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 1892352 1月 17 09:44 /tmp/control01.ctl Oracle9i自动备份控制文件的功能给我们带来了极大的收益,通过自动备份,在数据库出现紧急状况的时候,你可能可以从这个自动备份中获得更为有效及时的控制文件. 缺省的,这个自动备份功能是关闭的,你可以用我们上面提到的方法打开该功能. 七. 设置Events事件 Events事件是Oracle的重要诊断工具及问题解决办法,很多时候需要通过Events设置来屏蔽或者更改Oracle的行为,下面我们来看一下怎样修改spfile,增加Events事件设置: SQL> alter system set event='10841 trace name context forever' scope=spfile; System altered. SQL> startup force; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 101782380 bytes Fixed Size 451436 bytes Variable Size 75497472 bytes Database Buffers 25165824 bytes Redo Buffers 667648 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> show parameter event NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ event string 10841 trace name context forever 顺便提一句,10841事件是用于解决Oracle9i中JDBC Thin Driver问题的一个方法,假如你的alert.log文件中出现以下错误提示: Wed Jan 7 17:17:08 2004 Errors in file /opt/oracle/admin/phsdb/udump/phsdb_ora_1775.trc: ORA-00600: internal error code, argument
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