以阅读源代码的方式研究 Linux的启动过程,是我早已有之的心愿。今天总算是开工了。由于理解系统初始化过程要有汇编的基础,所以我只好先从init开始。
init的源代码在/usr/src/linux-2.4.19-9mdk/init目录下,在这个目录下共有三个文件do_mounts.c、main.c和version.c。其中main.c就是init进程的源代码。这段代码并不长,只有640行。 首先用ctags -x main.c 生成一个tags文件,用vi 打开后,可以看到各个函数的索引: LPS_PREC macro 183 main.c #define LPS_PREC 8 MAX_INIT_ARGS macro 125 main.c #define MAX_INIT_ARGS 8 MAX_INIT_ENVS macro 126 main.c #define MAX_INIT_ENVS 8 __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__ macro 12 main.c #define __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__ argv_init variable 135 main.c static char * argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, }; calibrate_delay function 185 main.c void __init calibrate_delay(void) checksetup function 160 main.c static int __init checksetup(char *line) child_reaper variable 498 main.c strUCt task_struct *child_reaper = &init_task; cols variable 131 main.c int rows, cols; debug_kernel function 226 main.c static int __init debug_kernel(char *str) do_basic_setup function 521 main.c static void __init do_basic_setup(void) do_initcalls function 500 main.c static void __init do_initcalls(void) envp_init variable 136 main.c char * envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, }; execute_command variable 133 main.c char *execute_command; gr_setup function 148 main.c static int __init gr_setup(char *str) init function 603 main.c static int init(void *unused) loops_per_jiffy variable 178 main.c unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12); parse_options function 254 main.c static void __init parse_options(char *line) profile_setup function 138 main.c static int __init profile_setup(char *str) quiet_kernel function 234 main.c static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str) rest_init function 389 main.c static void rest_init(void) rows variable 131 main.c int rows, cols; smp_init function 349 main.c static void __init smp_init(void) smp_init function 361 main.c static void __init smp_init(void) smp_init macro 354 main.c #define smp_init() do { } while (0) start_kernel function 401 main.c asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void) wait_init_idle variable 344 main.c unsigned long wait_init_idle; 有了这个索引后,查找函数就方便了。再用vi 打开main.c,找到init函数,如下: 源码:------------------------------------------------------- static int init(void * unused) { lock_kernel(); do_basic_setup(); prepare_namespace(); #ifdef CONFIG_GRKERNSEC grsecurity_init(); #endif /* * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff.. */ free_initmem(); unlock_kernel(); if (open("/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0) printk("Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n"); (void) dup(0); (void) dup(0); /* * We try each of these until one succeeds. * * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are * trying to recover a really broken machine. */ if (execute_command) execve(execute_command,argv_init,envp_init); execve("/sbin/init",argv_init,envp_init); execve("/etc/init",argv_init,envp_init); execve("/bin/init",argv_init,envp_init); execve("/bin/sh",argv_init,envp_init); panic("No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel."); ----------------------------------------------------------- 在源代码中,可以看到很多如同#ifdef CONFIG_GRKERNSEC的宏定义,这些宏定义可以在/usr/src/linux-2.4.19-9mdk/目录下的.config文件中找到。
用vi 查看.config文件中的宏定义,发现"# CONFIG_GRKERNSEC is not set",也就是没有定义,因此,这个宏定义可以不管它。先来看执行流程。 一、do_basic_setup()函数 init进程第一个执行的函数是lock_kernel(),这个函数在很多内核的源代码中都有,但我没有找到它的函数定义,只好放弃。 第二个执行的函数就是do_basic_setup(),这个函数的内容如下: 源码:------------------------------------------------------- /* * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and * running, and memory and process management works. * * Now we can finally start doing some real work.. */ static void __init do_basic_setup(void) { /* * Tell the world that we're going to be the grim * reaper of innocent orphaned children. * * We don't want people to have to make incorrect * assumptions about where in the task array this * can be found. */ child_reaper = current; #if defined(CONFIG_MTRR) /* Do this after SMP initialization */ /* * We should probably create some architecture-dependent "fixup after * everything is up" style function where this would belong better * than in init/main.c.. */ mtrr_init(); #endif /*mtrr(Memory Type Range Register)是Inter P6系列处理器用来控制处理器读写内存范围的。*/ #ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL sysctl_init(); #endif /* 对/proc文件系统和sysctl()系统调用相关部分进行初始化*/ /* * Ok, at this point all CPU's should be initialized, so * we can start looking into devices.. */ #if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_S390) s390_init_machine_check(); #endif #ifdef CONFIG_PCI pci_init(); #endif /* 初始化PCI总线 */ #ifdef CONFIG_SBUS sbus_init(); #endif #if defined(CONFIG_PPC) ppc_init(); #endif #ifdef CONFIG_MCA mca_init(); #endif #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_ACORN ecard_init(); #endif #ifdef CONFIG_ZORRO zorro_init(); #endif #ifdef CONFIG_DIO dio_init(); #endif #ifdef CONFIG_NUBUS nubus_init(); #endif #ifdef CONFIG_ISAPNP isapnp_init(); #endif /* 对ISA总线即插即用初始化 */ #ifdef CONFIG_TC tc_init(); #endif /* Networking initialization needs a process context */ sock_init(); /* 初始化网络协议栈 */ start_context_thread(); do_initcalls(); #ifdef CONFIG_IRDA irda_proto_init(); irda_device_init(); /* Must be done after protocol initialization */ #endif #ifdef CONFIG_PCMCIA init_pcmcia_ds(); /* Do this last */ #endif } ------------------------------------------------------------ 很明显,这段代码是用来进行对系统初始化的。开头的一段注释告诉我们,系统硬件此时只有cpu子系统在运转,内存治理和进程治理也开始工作了。接下来,就是对硬件的初始化。 这一部分与硬件密切相关,在编译核心时,将根据配置文件.config来编译相应的部分。用vi查看.config文件,发现定义的项目如下: CONFIG_MTRR=y CONFIG_SYSCTL=y CONFIG_PCI=y # CONFIG_PCI_GOBIOS is not set # CONFIG_PCI_GODIRECT is not set CONFIG_PCI_GOANY=y CONFIG_PCI_BIOS=y CONFIG_PCI_DIRECT=y CONFIG_PCI_NAMES=y CONFIG_PCI_HERMES=m # CONFIG_SBUS is not set # CONFIG_MCA is not set CONFIG_ISAPNP=y CONFIG_TCIC=y CONFIG_TC35815=m CONFIG_IRDA=m CONFIG_IRDA_ULTRA=y CONFIG_IRDA_CACHE_LAST_LSAP=y CONFIG_IRDA_FAST_RR=y # CONFIG_IRDA_DEBUG is not set CONFIG_PCMCIA=m CONFIG_PCMCIA_AHA152X=m CONFIG_PCMCIA_FDOMAIN=m C
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