******************************************************************************* * SQL Group Functions (num can be a column or eXPression) *
(null values are ignored, default between distinct and all is all) * ******************************************************************************* AVG([distinct or all] num) average value COUNT(distinct or all] num) number of values MAX([distinct or all] num) maximum value MAX([distinct or all] num) minimum value STDDEV([distinct or all] num) standard deviation SUM([distinct or all] num) sum of values VARIANCE([distinct or all] num) variance of values ******************************************************************************* * Miscellaneaous Functions : * ******************************************************************************* DECODE(expr, srch1, return1 [,srch2, return2...], default] if no search matches the expression then the default is returned, otherwise, the first search that matches will cause the corresponding return value to be returned DUMP(column_name [,fmt [,start_pos [, length]]]) returns an internal Oracle format, used for getting info about a column format options : 8 = octal, 10 = decimel, 16 = hex, 17 = characters return type codes : 1 = varchar2, 2 = number, 8 = long, 12 = date, 23 = raw, 24 = long raw, 69 = rowid, 96 = char, 106 = mlslabel GREATEST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]] returns the largest value of all expressions LEAST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]] returns the smallest value of all expressions NVL(expr1 ,expr2 if expr1 is not null, it is returned, otherwise expr2 is returned SQLCODE returns sql error code of last error. Can not be used directly in query, value must be set to local variable first SQLERRM returns sql error message of last error. Can not be used directly in query, value must be set to local variable first UID returns the user id of the user you are logged on as useful in selecting information from low level sys tables USER returns the user name of the user you are logged on as USERENV('option') returns information about the user you are logged on as options : ENTRYID, SESSIONID, TERMINAL, LANGUAGE, LABEL, OSDBA (all options not available in all Oracle versions) VSIZE(expr) returns the number of bytes used by the expression useful in selecting information about table space requirements ******************************************************************************* * SQL Date Functions (dt represents oracle date and time) * * (functions return an oracle date unless otherwise specified) * ******************************************************************************* ADD_MONTHS(dt,
num) adds num months to dt (num can be negative) LAST_DAY(dt) last day of month in month containing dt MONTHS_BETWEEN(dt1, dt2) returns fractional value of months between dt1, dt2 NEW_TIME(dt, tz1, tz2) dt = date in time zone 1, returns date in time zone 2 NEXT_DAY(dt, str) date of first (str) after dt (str = 'Monday', etc..) SYSDATE present system date ROUND(dt [,fmt] rounds dt as specified by format fmt TRUNC(dt [,fmt] truncates dt as specified by format fmt ******************************************************************************* * Number Functions : * ******************************************************************************* ABS(num) absolute value of num CEIL(num) smallest integer > or = num COS(num) cosine(num), num in radians COSH(num) hyperbolic cosine(num) EXP(num) e raised to the num power FLOOR(num) largest integer < or = num LN(num) natural logarithm of num LOG(num2, num1) logarithm base num2 of num1 MOD(num2, num1) remainder of num2 / num1 POWER(num2, num1) num2 raised to the num1 power ROUND(num1 [,num2] num1 rounded to num2 decimel places (default 0) SIGN(num) sign of num * 1, 0 if num = 0 SIN(num) sin(num), num in radians SINH(num) hyperbolic sine(num) SQRT(num) square root of num TAN(num) tangent(num), num in radians TANH(num) hyperbolic tangent(num) TRUNC(num1 [,num2] truncate num1 to num2 decimel places (default 0) ******************************************************************************* * String Functions, String Result : * ******************************************************************************* (num) ASCII character for num CHR(num) ASCII character for num CONCAT(str1, str2) str1 concatenated with str2 (same as str1str2) INITCAP(str) capitalize first letter of each Word in str LOWER(str) str with all letters in lowercase LPAD(str1, num [,str2]) left pad str1 to length num with str2 (default spaces) LTRIM(str [,set]) remove set from left side of str (default spaces) NLS_INITCAP(str [,nls_val]) same as initcap for different languages NLS_LOWER(str [,nls_val]) same as lower for different languages REPLACE(str1, str2 [,str3]) replaces str2 with str3 in str1 deletes str2 from str1 if str3 is omitted RPAD(str1, num [,str2]) right pad str1 to length num with str2 (default spaces) RTRIM(str [,set]) remove set from right side of str (default spaces) SOUNDEX(str) phonetic representation of str SUBSTR(str,
num2 [,num1]) substring of str, starting with num2, num1 characters (to end of str if num1 is omitted) SUBSTRB(str, num2 [,num1]) same as substr but num1, num2 expressed in bytes TRANSLATE(str, set1, set2) replaces set1 in str with set2 if set2 is longer than set1, it will be truncated UPPER(str) str with all letters in uppercase ******************************************************************************* * String Functions, Numeric Result : * ******************************************************************************* ASCII(str) ASCII value of str INSTR(str1, str2 [,num1 [,num2]]) position of num2th occurrence of str2 in str1, starting at num1 (num1, num2 default to 1) INSTRB(str1, str2 [,num1 [num2]]) same as instr, byte values for num1, num2 LENGTH(str) number of characters in str LENGTHB(str) number of bytes in str NLSSORT(str [,nls_val]) nls_val byte value of str **********************************
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