网络编程 | 站长之家 | 网页制作 | 图形图象 | 操作系统 | 冲浪宝典 | 软件教学 | 网络办公 | 邮件系统 | 网络安全 | 认证考试 | 系统进程
Firefox | IE | Maxthon | 迅雷 | 电驴 | BitComet | FlashGet | QQ | QQ空间 | Vista | 输入法 | Ghost | Word | Excel | wps | Powerpoint
asp | .net | php | jsp | Sql | c# | Ajax | xml | Dreamweaver | FrontPages | Javascript | css | photoshop | fireworks | Flash | Cad | Discuz!
当前位置 > 网站建设学院 > 网络编程 > 数据库 > Oracle教程
Tag:注入,存储过程,分页,安全,优化,xmlhttp,fso,jmail,application,session,防盗链,stream,无组件,组件,md5,乱码,缓存,加密,验证码,算法,cookies,ubb,正则表达式,水印,索引,日志,压缩,base64,url重写,上传,控件,Web.config,JDBC,函数,内存,PDF,迁移,结构,破解,编译,配置,进程,分词,IIS,Apache,Tomcat,phpmyadmin,Gzip,触发器,socket
数据库:数据库教程,数据库技巧,Oracle教程,MySQL教程,Sybase教程,Access教程,DB2教程,数据库安全,数据库文摘
本月文章推荐
.Oracle数据库安全策略分析(二).
.Oracle 的数据库的数据备份与恢复.
.实施数据仓库的建议.
.如何杀掉带锁的oracle进程.
.Oracle组件实现动态Web数据库.
.Linux 9i下Dataguard配置.
.影响ORACLE汉字显示的字符集问题.
.实战管理联机日志.
.About %ROWTYPE in PL/SQL..
.unix上的手工建库脚本.
.Oracle 10g R2特性之数据仓库和集.
.Oracle中超级用户权限的管理.
.Oracle Net8 网络配置和联接.
.学习总结: Oracle 的软件结构.
.用裸设备扩数据库表空间专题.
.利用errorstack event解决问题.
.神秘的 ORACLE DUAL.
.以 spfdisk 分割硬盘的一个范例(.
.ORACLE SQL性能优化系列(五).
.tkprof和sql trace.

Oracle使用若干技术

发表日期:2008-2-9



  怎么样让我的用户名和密码不泄漏? 
  =====================
  在unix下,我用sqlplus sys/sys登陆,别的用户很轻易就能看到我的密码:怎么办? 
   
  $ ps -efgrep sqlplus 
  Oracle 3787 3781 1 22:05:34 pts/3 0:00 sqlplus sys/sys 
  oracle 3789 3772 0 22:05:44 pts/2 0:00 grep sqlplus 
  采用sqlplus /nolog 
   
  sql>connect sys/sys,这样别的用户就看不到你的密码啦。 
   
  怎样生成建表的完整的DDL语句? 
  ====================
  用eXP ,再Imp,show=y可以看到。 
   
  或者使用某些Oracle 的小工具,比如quest的toad和sql*navigator. 
   
  truncate table和delete table有些什么区别? 
  ================
  truncate: DDL ,no rollback possibility and no rollback segment usage, quick ,release space used by the table except the original one. 
   
  delete: dml, can rollback, use rollback space, not release space, slow, delete large table may cause ora-1555 error. 
   
  如何删除重复的记录: 
  =============
  第一个办法: 1。生成建表的完整DDL语句,并且生成tab_bak的表名。 
   
  2。insert into tab_bak select distinct * from tab_name; 
   
  3。drop table tab_name, rename tab_bak to tab_name; 
   
  第二个办法: 
   
  DELETE FROM table_name A WHERE ROWID > 
  ( SELECT min(rowid) FROM table_name B 
   
  WHERE A.key_values = B.key_values); 
   
  第三个办法: 
   
  Delete from my_table where rowid not in 
  ( SQL> select max(rowid) from my_table 
   
  group by my_column_name ); 
   
  第四个办法: 
   
  delete from my_table t1 
  where exists (select 'x' from my_table t2 
   
  where t2.key_value1 = t1.key_value1 
   
  and t2.key_value2 = t1.key_value2 
   
  and t2.rowid > t1.rowid); 
   
  如何快速为已有的表加上一个主键? 
  =====================
  加上一个非空的列,比如seqno,然后: 
   
  update table_name set seqno=rownum; 
   
  或者: 
   
  CREATE SEQUENCE testseq START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1; 
  update table_name set seqno=testseq.nextval; 
   
  SQL排序问题:我怎么才能选择出按照某个列排序后前N行来? 
  ======================
  在SQL*Server 里面,可以用这样的语句:select top 10 col1,col2 from table_name; 
   
  从Oracle8i开始,支持这样的语法(在子查询里面使用order by语句) 
   
  select * from (select col1,col2 from table_name order by col1,col2) 
   
  where rownum<11; 
   
  这样就能够起到同样的效果。 
   
  在Oracle8或者以下,可以这样: 
  SELECT col1,col2 FROM 
  (SELECT /*+ INDEX_DESC (table_name index_name) */ col1,col2 FROM table_name) 
  WHERE rownum < 6; 
   
  使用提示可以让Oracle在子查询返回结果之前先对他进行排序,一般可以使用hintINDEX_DESC(TABLE_NAME,INDEX_NAME)来起到这个作用。 
   
  我们可以分别查看两个SQL的执行计划: 
   
  scott@testdb> select * from sort_sample; 
   
  ID NAME 
  ---------- ------------
  1 aa 
  5 33 
  90 23s 
  23 fdisk 
  746 2343 
  24 format 
  3 low format 
  7 rows selected. 
   
  scott@testdb> create index sort_id_idx on sort_sample(id); 
   
  Index created. 
  scott@testdb> set autotrace on explain 
  scott@testdb> --way 1: 
  scott@testdb> select * from (select * from sort_sample order by id desc) where rownum<3; 
   
  ID NAME 
  ---------- -----------
  746 2343 
  90 23s 
   
  Execution Plan 
  ------------------------
  0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE 
  1 0 COUNT (STOPKEY) 
  2 1 VIEW 
  3 2 SORT (ORDER BY STOPKEY) 
  4 3 TABLE Access (FULL) OF 'SORT_SAMPLE' 
   
  scott@testdb> --way 2 :wrong result 
  scott@testdb> select * from sort_sample where rownum<3; 
   
  ID NAME 
  ---------- ------------
  1 aa 
  5 33 
   
  Execution Plan 
  ---------------------------
  0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE 
  1 0 COUNT (STOPKEY) 
  2 1 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SORT_SAMPLE' 
   
  scott@testdb> ANALYZE TABLE SORT_SAMPLE COMPUTE STATISTICS; 
   
  Table analyzed. 
   
  scott@testdb> ANALYZE INDEX SORT_ID_IDX COMPUTE STATISTICS; 
   
  Index analyzed. 
   
  scott@testdb> --way 3: can work in oracle8 and oracle7 
  scott@testdb> select * from (select /*+index_desc(sort_sample sort_id_idx)*/ * from sort_sample) 
  2 where rownum<3; 
   
  ID NAME 
  ---------- ------------------
  1 aa 
  5 33 
   
  //原因:col sort_id_idx列为nullable,所以CBO不能确定,加上not null约束即可达到目的。
 
   
  用group by可以生成从小开始的排序: 
   
  scott@testdb> SELECT ID,NAME FROM 
  2 (SELECT ID,NAME,COUNT(*) FROM SORT_SAMPLE GROUP BY ID, NAME) 
  3 WHERE ROWNUM<3; 
   
  ID NAME 
  ---------- --------------
  1 aa 
  3 low format 
   
  Execution Plan 
  ------------------------------
  0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=3 Card=7 Bytes=175) 
  1 0 COUNT (STOPKEY) 
  2 1 VIEW (Cost=3 Card=7 Bytes=175) 
  3 2 SORT (GROUP BY STOPKEY) (Cost=3 Card=7 Bytes=56) 
  4 3 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SORT_SAMPLE' (Cost=1 Card=7 
   
  6。怎么每隔N条记录获得一条记录?比如第3,6,9等? 
  =================================
  CHAO@PING>select * from testseq; 
   
  ID NAME 
  ---------- ---------------------
  1 this is 1th record 
  2 this is 2th record 
  3 this is 3th record 
  4 this is 4th record 
  5 this is 5th record 
  6 this is 6th record 
  7 this is 7th record 
  8 this is 8th record 
  9 this is 9th record 
  10 this is 10th record 
   
  10 rows selected. 
   
  CHAO@PING>select id, name from 
  2 (select id, name, rownum rz from testseq) temp 
  3 where mod(rz,3)=0; 
   
  ID NAME 
  ---------- -------------------------
  3 this is 3th record 
  6 this is 6th record 
  9 this is 9th record 
   
  CHAO@PING> 
   
  如何删除一个列? 
  ===========
  从Oracle8i开始,Oracle支持一个列的删除,语法如下: 
   
  alter table tab_name drop column col1; 
   
  7。如何重命名一个列? 
  ==============
  CHAO@PING> create table testrename(id number, nama varchar2(30)); 
   
  Table created. 
   
  CHAO@PING> begin 
  2 for x in 1..10 loop 
  3 insert into testrename values(x,'this is 'to_char(x)'th record'); 
  4 end loop; 
  5 end; 
  6 / 
   
  PL/SQL procedure sUCcessfully completed. 
   
  CHAO@PING> commit; 
   
  Commit complete. 
   
  CHAO@PING> alter table testrename add name varchar2(30); 
   
  Table altered. 
   
  CHAO@PING> update testrename set name=nama; 
   
  10 rows updated. 
   
  CHAO@PING> alter table testrename drop column nama; 
   
  Table altered. 
   
  CHAO@PING> select * from testrename; 
   
  ID NAME 
  ---------- ---------------------------
  1 this is 1th record 
  2 this is 2th record 
  3 this is 3th record 
  4 this is 4th record 
  5 this is 5th record 
  6 this is 6th record 
  7 this is 7th record 
  8 this is 8th record 
  9 this is 9th record 
  10 this is 10th record
上一篇:block内部数据存储 人气:578
下一篇:Oracle Database 10g 中新特性 人气:528
浏览全部Oracle教程的内容 Dreamweaver插件下载 网页广告代码 祝你圣诞节快乐 2009年新年快乐