怎么样让我的用户名和密码不泄漏? ===================== 在unix下,我用sqlplus sys/sys登陆,别的用户很轻易就能看到我的密码:怎么办? $ ps -efgrep sqlplus
Oracle 3787 3781 1 22:05:34 pts/3 0:00 sqlplus sys/sys oracle 3789 3772 0 22:05:44 pts/2 0:00 grep sqlplus 采用sqlplus /nolog sql>connect sys/sys,这样别的用户就看不到你的密码啦。 怎样生成建表的完整的DDL语句? ==================== 用eXP ,再Imp,show=y可以看到。 或者使用某些Oracle 的小工具,比如quest的toad和sql*navigator. truncate table和delete table有些什么区别? ================ truncate: DDL ,no rollback possibility and no rollback segment usage, quick ,release space used by the table except the original one. delete: dml, can rollback, use rollback space, not release space, slow, delete large table may cause ora-1555 error. 如何删除重复的记录: ============= 第一个办法: 1。生成建表的完整DDL语句,并且生成tab_bak的表名。 2。insert into tab_bak select distinct * from tab_name; 3。drop table tab_name, rename tab_bak to tab_name; 第二个办法: DELETE FROM table_name A WHERE ROWID > ( SELECT min(rowid) FROM table_name B WHERE A.key_values = B.key_values); 第三个办法: Delete from my_table where rowid not in ( SQL> select max(rowid) from my_table group by my_column_name ); 第四个办法: delete from my_table t1 where exists (select 'x' from my_table t2 where t2.key_value1 = t1.key_value1 and t2.key_value2 = t1.key_value2 and t2.rowid > t1.rowid); 如何快速为已有的表加上一个主键? ===================== 加上一个非空的列,比如seqno,然后: update table_name set seqno=rownum; 或者: CREATE SEQUENCE testseq START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1; update table_name set seqno=testseq.nextval; SQL排序问题:我怎么才能选择出按照某个列排序后前N行来? ====================== 在SQL*Server 里面,可以用这样的语句:select top 10 col1,col2 from table_name; 从Oracle8i开始,支持这样的语法(在子查询里面使用order by语句) select * from (select col1,col2 from table_name order by col1,col2) where rownum<11; 这样就能够起到同样的效果。 在Oracle8或者以下,可以这样: SELECT col1,col2 FROM (SELECT /*+ INDEX_DESC (table_name index_name) */ col1,col2 FROM table_name) WHERE rownum < 6; 使用提示可以让Oracle在子查询返回结果之前先对他进行排序,一般可以使用hintINDEX_DESC(TABLE_NAME,INDEX_NAME)来起到这个作用。 我们可以分别查看两个SQL的执行计划: scott@testdb> select * from sort_sample; ID NAME ---------- ------------ 1 aa 5 33 90 23s 23 fdisk 746 2343 24 format 3 low format 7 rows selected. scott@testdb> create index sort_id_idx on sort_sample(id); Index created. scott@testdb> set autotrace on explain scott@testdb> --way 1: scott@testdb> select * from (select * from sort_sample order by id desc) where rownum<3; ID NAME ---------- ----------- 746 2343 90 23s Execution Plan ------------------------ 0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE 1 0 COUNT (STOPKEY) 2 1 VIEW 3 2 SORT (ORDER BY STOPKEY) 4 3 TABLE Access (FULL) OF 'SORT_SAMPLE' scott@testdb> --way 2 :wrong result scott@testdb> select * from sort_sample where rownum<3; ID NAME ---------- ------------ 1 aa 5 33 Execution Plan --------------------------- 0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE 1 0 COUNT (STOPKEY) 2 1 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SORT_SAMPLE' scott@testdb> ANALYZE TABLE SORT_SAMPLE COMPUTE STATISTICS; Table analyzed. scott@testdb> ANALYZE INDEX SORT_ID_IDX COMPUTE STATISTICS; Index analyzed. scott@testdb> --way 3: can work in oracle8 and oracle7 scott@testdb> select * from (select /*+index_desc(sort_sample sort_id_idx)*/ * from sort_sample) 2 where rownum<3; ID NAME ---------- ------------------ 1 aa 5 33 //原因:col sort_id_idx列为nullable,所以CBO不能确定,加上not null约束即可达到目的。
用group by可以生成从小开始的排序: scott@testdb> SELECT ID,NAME FROM 2 (SELECT ID,NAME,COUNT(*) FROM SORT_SAMPLE GROUP BY ID, NAME) 3 WHERE ROWNUM<3; ID NAME ---------- -------------- 1 aa 3 low format Execution Plan ------------------------------ 0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=3 Card=7 Bytes=175) 1 0 COUNT (STOPKEY) 2 1 VIEW (Cost=3 Card=7 Bytes=175) 3 2 SORT (GROUP BY STOPKEY) (Cost=3 Card=7 Bytes=56) 4 3 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SORT_SAMPLE' (Cost=1 Card=7 6。怎么每隔N条记录获得一条记录?比如第3,6,9等? ================================= CHAO@PING>select * from testseq; ID NAME ---------- --------------------- 1 this is 1th record 2 this is 2th record 3 this is 3th record 4 this is 4th record 5 this is 5th record 6 this is 6th record 7 this is 7th record 8 this is 8th record 9 this is 9th record 10 this is 10th record 10 rows selected. CHAO@PING>select id, name from 2 (select id, name, rownum rz from testseq) temp 3 where mod(rz,3)=0; ID NAME ---------- ------------------------- 3 this is 3th record 6 this is 6th record 9 this is 9th record CHAO@PING> 如何删除一个列? =========== 从Oracle8i开始,Oracle支持一个列的删除,语法如下: alter table tab_name drop column col1; 7。如何重命名一个列? ============== CHAO@PING> create table testrename(id number, nama varchar2(30)); Table created. CHAO@PING> begin 2 for x in 1..10 loop 3 insert into testrename values(x,'this is 'to_char(x)'th record'); 4 end loop; 5 end; 6 / PL/SQL procedure sUCcessfully completed. CHAO@PING> commit; Commit complete. CHAO@PING> alter table testrename add name varchar2(30); Table altered. CHAO@PING> update testrename set name=nama; 10 rows updated. CHAO@PING> alter table testrename drop column nama; Table altered. CHAO@PING> select * from testrename; ID NAME ---------- --------------------------- 1 this is 1th record 2 this is 2th record 3 this is 3th record 4 this is 4th record 5 this is 5th record 6 this is 6th record 7 this is 7th record 8 this is 8th record 9 this is 9th record 10 this is 10th record
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