卸载oracle表结构到文本中的脚本（UNIX下）

由于不太喜欢Oracle的EXP，因为他的结果不能转为文本，
而且由于metadata没有安装，所以get_ddl不能成功，
最近没有看到有类似informix的dbschema的工具，所以就自己写了个脚本
还是比较幼稚，目前还不能处理视图、同义名、存储过程，
希望大家多提意见，使他能更好的服务客户

涉及的系统表
1. User_tables 用户表
2. User_tab_columns 用户表的字段
3. User_view 用户视图
4. User_indexes 用户表的索引
5. User_ind_columns 用户表字段的索引
6. User_constraints 用户表的限定
7. User_cons_columns 用户表字段的限定

使用方法
dbschema.sh
功能：
根据一个数据库或表名来卸载结构，并在当前目录中生成对应的数据结构文件，包含表结构、主键、外键、索引等。
语法：
dbschema.sh userid/passwd[@connection][table_name]
userid/passwd[@oracle_sid]:      登录数据库的信息
tablename               :      卸载的表名[可选]
举例说明：
dbschema.sh test/test@testdb
逐个处理该用户的表，在当前目录中生成test.sql脚本。
dbschema.sh test/test@testdb TT
处理test用户的tt表，在当前目录中生成tt.sql脚本。

脚本说明

#!/usr/bin/ksh
################################################################################
#
#  模块:        dbschema.sh
#
#  描述:        根据一个数据库或表名来获取相应的结构脚本
#
#  参数 1 = 用户名/密码[@实例名]
#  参数 2 = 表名/视图名(可选)
#
#  作者 Bing He
#
#  修改记录
#    日期       修改人                   修改描述
#
#  10/20/2003   Bing He                       开始编写
#
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 局部变量定义
lv_argc=0                            #命令行入参个数
lv_loginfo=""                        #命令行中的登录信息
lv_table_name=""                     #命令行中的表名信息
lv_filename=""                       #输出的文件名
lv_tab_number=0                      #需要处理的表的个数
lv_sep=''                           #分隔符
lv_grid_str="\t"                     #输出的距行首的空格
lv_deal_table=""                     #当前处理的表
lv_file_temp1="get_ddl.temp1"        #临时文件名
lv_file_temp2="get_ddl.temp2"        #临时文件名
lv_file_temp3="get_ddl.temp3"        #临时文件名
lv_file_tab_col="get_ddl.col1"       #临时文件名
lv_file_tab_con="get_ddl.con1"       #临时文件名
lv_file_col_con="get_ddl.con2"       #临时文件名
lv_file_tab_ind="get_ddl.ind1"       #临时文件名
lv_file_col_ind="get_ddl.ind2"       #临时文件名
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 检查用户名密码的权限
f_check_userid()
{
  sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <<!
> /dev/null
  set echo off;
  set heading off;
  desc user_tables;
  exit
!
  if [ "$?" -ne 0 ]
  then
    echo "Error:f_check_userid failed."
    echo "      Please check the username/passwd=[${lv_loginfo}]."
    exit
  fi
}
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 检查表是否存在
f_check_tablename()
{
  sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <<! > /dev/null
  set echo off;
  set heading off;
  spool ${lv_file_temp1}
  select count(*) from user_tables where table_name='${lv_table_name}';
  spool off
  exit
!
  if [ "$?" -ne 0 ]
  then
    echo "Error:f_check_tablename failed."
    echo "      Please check the [${lv_table_name}]."
    exit
  fi
  lv_number=`cat ${lv_file_temp1}grep -v "^SQL>"grep -v "^$"grep -v "rows selected`
  if [ ${lv_number} -eq 0 ]
  then
    echo "Error:f_check_tablenaem failed."
    echo "      Please check the table [${lv_table_name}] in [${lv_loginfo}]."
    exit
  fi
}
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 初始化输出文件
f_generate_file()
{
  if [ ${lv_argc} -eq 1 ]
  then
    lv_str=`echo ${lv_loginfo}cut -d"/" -f1 tr  "[:upper:]" "[:lower:]"`
    lv_str_main="StrUCture For User ${lv_str}"
  else
    lv_str=`echo ${lv_table_name} tr  "[:upper:]" "[:lower:]"`
    lv_str_main="Structure For Table ${lv_str}"
  fi
  lv_filename_drop_index="${lv_str}.drop_index"
  lv_filename_drop_foreign="${lv_str}.drop_foreign"
  lv_filename_drop_table="${lv_str}.drop_table"
  lv_filename_create_table="${lv_str}.create_table"
  lv_filename_create_foreign="${lv_str}.create_foreign"
  lv_filename="${lv_str}.sql"
  rm -f ${lv_filename_drop_index}
  rm -f ${lv_filename_drop_foreign}
  rm -f ${lv_filename_drop_table}
  rm -f ${lv_filename_create_table}
  rm -f ${lv_filename_create_foreign}
  rm -f ${lv_filename}

  ##--生成基础数据
  lv_str1="------------------------------------------------------------------"
  echo "\n"${lv_str1}      >> ${lv_filename_drop_index}
  echo "--** 第一步: 删除索引 **--"  >> ${lv_filename_drop_index}
  echo ${lv_str1}"\n"      >> ${lv_filename_drop_index}

  lv_str1="------------------------------------------------------------------"
  echo "\n"${lv_str1}      >> ${lv_filename_drop_foreign}
  echo "--** 第二步: 删除外键 **--"  >> ${lv_filename_drop_foreign}
  echo ${lv_str1}"\n"      >> ${lv_filename_drop_foreign}

  lv_str1="------------------------------------------------------------------"
  echo "\n"${lv_str1}      >> ${lv_filename_drop_table}
  echo "--** 第三步: 删除表 **--"  >> ${lv_filename_drop_table}
  echo ${lv_str1}"\n"      >> ${lv_filename_drop_table}

  lv_str1="------------------------------------------------------------------"
  echo "\n"${lv_str1}      >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
  echo "--** 第四步: 创建表结构,主键,索引**--"  >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
  echo ${lv_str1}          >> ${lv_filename_create_table}

  lv_str1="------------------------------------------------------------------"
  echo "\n"${lv_str1}      >> ${lv_filename_create_foreign}
  echo "--** 第五步: 创建外键 **--"  >> ${lv_filename_create_foreign}
  echo ${lv_str1}"\n"      >> ${lv_filename_create_foreign}

  lv_str1="------------------------------------------------------------------"
  echo "\n"${lv_str1}      >> ${lv_filename}
  echo "--** DESC  :${lv_str_main}"     >> ${lv_filename}
  echo "--** AUTHOR:Bing He"            >> ${lv_filename}
  echo "--** DATE  :20`date +%y-%m-%d"  >> ${lv_filename}
  echo ${lv_str1}"\n"      >> ${lv_filename}

}
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 获取用户下的表列表
f_get_tables()
{
  rm -f ${lv_file_temp1}
  sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <<!
>/dev/null
  set colsep ${lv_sep};
  set echo off;
  set feedback off;
  set heading off;
  set pagesize 0;
  set linesize 1000;
  set numwidth 12;
  set termout off;
  set trimout on;
  set trimspool on;
  spool ${lv_file_temp1};
  select table_name from user_tables;
  spool off;
  exit
!
  if [ "$?" -ne 0 ] ; then
    echo "Usage:f_get_tables failed."
    exit
  fi

  if [ -f ${lv_file_temp1} ]
  then
    lv_table_name=`cat ${lv_file_temp1} grep -v "^SQL>"  tr -d ' ' tr  "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]"`
    echo ${lv_table_name} > 1.out
  else
    echo "Error:f_get_tables failed.${lv_file_temp1} file not found!"
    exit
  fi
  rm -f ${lv_file_temp1}
}
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 生成表的基本结构
f_generate_tab_column()
{
  lv_str1="------------------------------------------------------------------"
  lv_str2="--**Table: ${lv_deal_table}**--"
  lv_str3="create table ${lv_deal_table} ("
  lv_str4=") tablespace \"${lv_tab_tablespace_name}\";"
  lv_col_name=""
  lv_col_nullable=""
  lv_col_data_type=""
  lv_col_data_length=""
  lv_col_data_precision=""
  lv_col_data_scale=""

  echo "\n\n"${lv_str1} >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
  echo ${lv_str2}       >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
  echo ${lv_str1}"\n" >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
  echo ${lv_str3}       >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
  lv_tab_col_rows=`wc -l ${lv_file_tab_col}`
  lv_index=1
  for lv_line_info in `cat ${lv_file_tab_col}sed -e "s/ /\~/g"`
  do
    lv_col_name=`echo ${lv_line_info}awk -F'' '{print $2}'`
    lv_col_nullable=`echo ${lv_line_info}awk -F'' '{print $3}'`
    lv_col_data_type=`echo ${lv_line_info}awk -F'' '{print $4}'`
    lv_col_data_length=`echo ${lv_line_info}awk -F'' '{print $5}'`
    lv_col_data_precision=`echo ${lv_line_info}awk -F'' '{print $6}'`
    lv_col_data_scale=`echo ${lv_line_info}awk -F'' '{print $7}'`

    lv_str5=${lv_grid_str}${lv_col_name}${lv_grid_str}${lv_col_data_type}"("${lv_col_data_length}")"
    if [ ${lv_col_data_type} = "DATE" ]
    then
      lv_str5=${lv_grid_str}${lv_col_name}${lv_grid_str}${lv_col_data_type}
    fi
    if [ ${lv_col_data_type} = "LONG~RAW" ]
    then
      lv_str5=${lv_grid_str}${lv_col_name}${lv_grid_str}"LONG RAW"
    fi
    if [ ${lv_col_data_type} = "NUMBER" ]
    then
      if [ "X"${lv_col_data_precision} = "X" ]
      then
        lv_str5=${lv_grid_str}${lv_col_name}${lv_grid_str}${lv_col_data_type}
      else
        lv_str5=${lv_grid_str}${lv_col_name}${lv_grid_str}${lv_col_data_type}"("${lv_col_data_precision}","${lv_col_data_scale}")"
      fi
    fi
    if [ ${lv_col_nullable} = 'N' ]
    then
       lv_str5=${lv_str5}${lv_grid_str}"NOT NULL"
    fi
    if [ ${lv_index} -eq ${lv_tab_col_rows} ]
    then
      #echo ${lv_str5}                   >> ${lv_filename}
      echo ${lv_str5}                   >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
    else
      #echo ${lv_str5}","                >> ${lv_filename}
      echo ${lv_str5}","                >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
    fi
    lv_index=`expr ${lv_index} + 1`
  done

  #echo ${lv_str4}       >> ${lv_filename}
  echo ${lv_str4}       >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
  #rm -f ${lv_file_tab_col}
}
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 获得表的限定
f_generate_tab_constraint()
{
  lv_constraint_name=""
  lv_constraint_type=""
  lv_r_constraint_name=""
  lv_search_condition=""
  lv_str1="alter table ${lv_deal_table} add constraint "
  for lineinfo in `cat ${lv_file_tab_con}sed -e "s/ /\~/g"`
  do
    lv_constraint_name=`echo ${lineinfo}awk -F'' '{print $1}'`
    lv_constraint_type=`echo ${lineinfo}awk -F'' '{print $2}'`
    lv_r_constraint_name=`echo ${lineinfo}awk -F'' '{print $3}'`
    lv_search_condition=`echo ${lineinfo}awk -F'' '{print $4}'`
    lv_str2=""
    #echo ${lv_search_condition}
    if [ ${lv_constraint_type} = "P" ]
    then
      sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <<!
> /dev/null
      set echo off;
      set heading off;
      spool ${lv_file_temp2}
      select position''column_name'' from user_cons_columns where table_name='${lv_deal_table}' and constraint_name='${lv_constraint_name}' order by position;
      spool off;
      exit
!
      cat ${lv_file_temp2}grep -v "^SQL>"grep -v "^$"grep -v "rows selected" > ${lv_file_col_con}
      lv_col_rows=`wc -l ${lv_file_col_con}`
      lv_index=1
      for col_line in `cat ${lv_file_col_con}`
      do
        lv_str3=`echo ${col_line}awk -F'' '{print $2}'`
        if [ ${lv_index} -eq ${lv_col_rows} ]
        then
          lv_str2=${lv_str2}${lv_str3}
        else
          lv_str2=${lv_str2}${lv_str3}","
        fi
      lv_index=`expr ${lv_index} + 1`
      done
      lv_str2=${lv_str1}${lv_constraint_name}" primary key ("${lv_str2}");"
      echo ${lv_str2}              >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
    fi
    if [ ${lv_constraint_type} = "C" ]
    then
      lv_str2=${lv_str1}${lv_constraint_name}" check ("`echo ${lv_search_condition}sed -e "s/\~/ /g"`");"
      echo ${lv_str2}              >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
    fi
    if [ ${lv_constraint_type} = "R" ]
    then
      #lv_str2=${lv_str1}${lv_constraint_name}" check ("`echo ${lv_search_condition}sed -e "s/\~/ /g"`")"
      ##-- 获取本表的外键字段 --##
      sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <<!
> /dev/null
      set echo off;
      set heading off;
      spool ${lv_file_temp2}
      select position''column_name'' from user_cons_columns where table_name='${lv_deal_table}' and constraint_name='${lv_constraint_name}' order by position;
      spool off;
      exit
!
      cat ${lv_file_temp2}grep -v "^SQL>"grep -v "^$"grep -v "rows selected" > ${lv_file_col_con}
      lv_col_rows=`wc -l ${lv_file_col_con}`
      lv_index=1
      for col_line in `cat ${lv_file_col_con}`
      do
        lv_str3=`echo ${col_line}awk -F'' '{print $2}'`
        if [ ${lv_index} -eq ${lv_col_rows} ]
        then
          lv_str2=${lv_str2}${lv_str3}
        else
          lv_str2=${lv_str2}${lv_str3}","
        fi
      lv_index=`expr ${lv_index} + 1`
      done
      lv_str2="${lv_str1}${lv_constraint_name} foreign key (${lv_str2}) "

      ##--获取外键的字段信息--##
      sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <<! > /dev/null
      set echo off;
      set heading off;
      spool ${lv_file_temp3}
      select position''table_name''column_name from user_cons_columns where constraint_name='${lv_r_constraint_name}' order by position;
      spool off;
      exit
!
      cat ${lv_file_temp3}grep -v "^SQL>"grep -v "^$"grep -v "rows selected" > ${lv_file_col_con}
      lv_col_rows=`wc -l ${lv_file_col_con}`
      lv_index=1
      lv_str4=""
      for col_line in `cat ${lv_file_col_con}`
      do
        if [ ${lv_index} -eq 1 ]
        then
          lv_str6=`echo ${col_line}awk -F'' '{print $2}'`
        fi
        lv_str5=`echo ${col_line}awk -F'' '{print $3}'`
        if [ ${lv_index} -eq ${lv_col_rows} ]
        then
          lv_str4=${lv_str4}${lv_str5}
        else
          lv_str4=${lv_str4}${lv_str5}","
        fi
        lv_index=`expr ${lv_index} + 1`
      done
      lv_str2="${lv_str2} references ${lv_str6} (${lv_str4});"
      echo "alter table ${lv_deal_table} drop constraint ${lv_constraint_name};" >> ${lv_filename_drop_foreign}
      echo ${lv_str2}              >> ${lv_filename_create_foreign}
    fi
    #echo ${lv_str2}              >> ${lv_filename}
    #echo ${lv_str2}              >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
  done
}
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 获取表的索引信息
f_generate_tab_index()
{
  lv_tab_ind_name=""
  lv_tab_ind_uniqueness=""
  lv_tab_ind_tablespace=""
  for lineinfo in `cat ${lv_file_tab_ind}`
  do
    lv_tab_ind_name=`echo ${lineinfo}awk -F'' '{print $1}'`
    lv_tab_ind_uniqueness=`echo ${lineinfo}awk -F'' '{print $2}'`
    lv_tab_ind_tablespace=`echo ${lineinfo}awk -F'' '{print $3}'`
    lv_str2=""
    sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <<!
> /dev/null
    set echo off;
    set heading off;
    spool ${lv_file_temp2}
    select column_position''column_name''descend from user_ind_columns where table_name='${lv_deal_table}' and index_name='${lv_tab_ind_name}' order by column_position;
    spool off;
    exit
!
    cat ${lv_file_temp2}grep -v "^SQL>"grep -v "^$"grep -v "rows selected" > ${lv_file_col_ind}
    lv_col_rows=`wc -l ${lv_file_col_ind}`
    lv_index=1
    for col_line in `cat ${lv_file_col_ind}`
    do
      lv_str3=`echo ${col_line}awk -F'' '{print $2}'`
      lv_str4=`echo ${col_line}awk -F'' '{print $3}'`
      if [ ${lv_index} -eq ${lv_col_rows} ]
      then
        lv_str2=${lv_str2}${lv_str3}" "${lv_str4}
      else
        lv_str2=${lv_str2}${lv_str3}" "${lv_str4}","
      fi
      lv_index=`expr ${lv_index} + 1`
    done
    if [ ${lv_tab_ind_uniqueness} = "NONUNIQUE" ]
    then
      lv_str2="create index ${lv_tab_ind_name} on ${lv_deal_table} ("${lv_str2}") tablespace \"${lv_tab_ind_tablespace}\";"
    else
      lv_str2="create ${lv_tab_ind_uniqueness} index ${lv_tab_ind_name} on ${lv_deal_table} ("${lv_str2}") tablespace \"${lv_tab_ind_tablespace}\";"
    fi
    #echo ${lv_str2}                        >> ${lv_filename}
    echo "drop index ${lv_tab_ind_name};" >> ${lv_filename_drop_index}
    echo ${lv_str2}                         >> ${lv_filename_create_table}
  done
}
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 获取单表的信息,并输出到指定文件中
f_get_tab_info()
{
  lv_tab_tablespace_name=""
  lv_tab_initial_extent=""
  lv_tab_next_extent=""
  lv_tab_min_extents=""
  lv_tab_max_extents=""
  lv_tab_pct_increase=""

  ##*************************************************************##
  ##获取user_table中表的信息
  sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <<!
> /dev/null
  set echo off;
  set heading off;
  spool ${lv_file_temp1}
  select tablespace_name''initial_extent''next_extent''min_extents''max_extents''pct_increase'' from user_tables where table_name='${lv_deal_table}';
  spool off;
  exit
!
  lv_str=`cat ${lv_file_temp1} grep -v "^SQL>"  grep -v "rows selected"tr -d ' '`
  lv_tab_tablespace_name=`echo ${lv_str}awk -F'' '{print $1}'`
  lv_tab_initial_extent=`echo ${lv_str}awk -F'' '{print $2}'`
  lv_tab_next_extents=`echo ${lv_str}awk -F'' '{print $3}'`
  lv_tab_min_extents=`echo ${lv_str}awk -F'' '{print $4}'`
  lv_tab_max_extents=`echo ${lv_str}awk -F'' '{print $5}'`
  lv_tab_pct_increase=`echo ${lv_str}awk -F'' '{print $6}'`

  ##*************************************************************##
  ##获取user_tab_columns表信息

  rm -f ${lv_file_temp1}
  sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <<! > /dev/null
  set echo off;
  set heading off;
  spool ${lv_file_temp1}
  select column_id''column_name''nullable''data_type''data_length''data_precision''data_scale'' from user_tab_columns where table_name='${lv_deal_table}' order by column_id;
  spool off;
  exit
!
  cat ${lv_file_temp1}grep -v "^SQL>"grep -v "^$"grep -v "rows selected" > ${lv_file_tab_col}

  f_generate_tab_column

  rm -f ${lv_file_temp1}
  rm -f ${lv_file_tab_col}

  ##*************************************************************##

  ##*************************************************************##
  ##获取user_constraints表信息
  ##*************************************************************##
  rm -f ${lv_file_temp1}
  sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <<! > /dev/null
  set colsep ${lv_sep};
  set echo off;
  set feedback off;
  set heading off;
  set pagesize 0;
  set linesize 1000;
  set numwidth 12;
  set termout off;
  set trimout on;
  set trimspool on;
  spool ${lv_file_temp1};
  select constraint_name,constraint_type,r_constraint_name,search_condition from user_constraints where table_name='${lv_deal_table}' and generated='USER NAME' order by constraint_type;
  spool off;
  exit
!

  cat ${lv_file_temp1}grep -v "^SQL>"grep -v "^$"grep -v "rows selected"sed "s/$/\/g" sed -e "s/ *\/\/g" > ${lv_file_tab_con}

  if [ -s ${lv_file_tab_con} ]
  then
    f_generate_tab_constraint
  fi

  rm -f ${lv_file_temp1}
  rm -f ${lv_file_tab_con}

  ##*************************************************************##
  ##获取user_indexes表信息
  ##*************************************************************##
  rm -f ${lv_file_temp1}
  sqlplus ${lv_loginfo} <<! > /dev/null
  set colsep ${lv_sep};
  set echo off;
  set feedback off;
  set heading off;
  set pagesize 0;
  set linesize 1000;
  set numwidth 12;
  set termout off;
  set trimout on;
  set trimspool on;
  spool ${lv_file_temp1};
  select index_name,uniqueness,tablespace_name from user_indexes where table_name='${lv_deal_table}' and index_name not in(select constraint_name from user_constraints where table_name='${lv_deal_table}');
  spool off;
  exit
!
  cat ${lv_file_temp1}grep -v "^SQL>"grep -v "^$"grep -v "rows selected"sed "s/$/\/g" sed -e "s/ *\/\/g" > ${lv_file_tab_ind}

  if [ -s ${lv_file_tab_ind} ]
  then
    f_generate_tab_index
  fi

  rm -f ${lv_file_temp1}
  rm -f ${lv_file_temp2}
  rm -f ${lv_file_temp3}
  rm -f ${lv_file_tab_col}
  rm -f ${lv_file_col_con}
  rm -f ${lv_file_tab_ind}
  rm -f ${lv_file_col_ind}

}
################################################################################

################################################################################
##-- 主程序登录
lv_argc=$#
case ${lv_argc} in
1 )
lv_loginfo=`echo $1 tr  "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]"`
f_check_userid
f_get_tables
f_generate_file
        ;;
2 )
lv_loginfo=`echo
$1 tr  "[:upper:]" "[:lower:]"`
lv_table_name=`echo $2 tr  "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]"`
f_check_userid
f_check_tablename
f_generate_file
        ;;
* )
echo "Usage:$0 username/passwd[@sid] [tablename]"
echo "      username/passwd[@sid] 登录名/密码[@实例名]"
echo "      tablename             [表名]"
echo "      带[]的表示可选"
exit
        ;;
esac

##删除表的信息生成
for lv_deal_table in ${lv_table_name}
do
  echo "drop table ${lv_deal_table} cascade constraints;" >> ${lv_filename_drop_table}
  lv_tab_number=`expr ${lv_tab_number} + 1`
done

##预备处理
lv_tab_index=1
for lv_deal_table in ${lv_table_name}
do
  echo "[${lv_tab_index}/${lv_tab_number}]:${lv_deal_table}"
  f_get_tab_info
  lv_tab_index=`expr ${lv_tab_index} + 1`
done

##综合数据

##--删除索引
cat ${lv_filename_drop_index} >> ${lv_filename}

##--删除外键
cat ${lv_filename_drop_foreign} >> ${lv_filename}

##--删除删除表
cat ${lv_filename_drop_table} >> ${lv_filename}

##--创建表,主键,索引
cat ${lv_filename_create_table} >> ${lv_filename}

##--创建外键
cat ${lv_filename_create_foreign} >> ${lv_filename}

rm -f ${lv_filename_drop_index}
rm -f ${lv_filename_drop_foreign}
rm -f ${lv_filename_drop_table}
rm -f ${lv_filename_create_table}
rm -f ${lv_filename_create_foreign}