ORA-01092: ORACLE 例程终止。强行断开连接

今天测试部门的人叫我过去，说是数据库当了，起不来了。我过去看了看情况，做了如下操作 SQL> shutdown immediate
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
Oracle 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。 Total System Global Area 135338868 bytes
Fixed Size                   453492 bytes
Variable Size             109051904 bytes
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
ORA-01092: ORACLE 例程终止。强行断开连接表面上看不出问题，我查看alert_oracas.log文件 SYS auditing is disabled
Starting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 9.2.0.1.0.
System parameters with non-default values:
processes                = 150
timed_statistics         = TRUE
shared_pool_size         = 50331648
large_pool_size          = 8388608
Java_pool_size           = 33554432
control_files            = f:\oracle\oradata\oracas\CONTROL01.CTL, f:\oracle\oradata\oracas\CONTROL02.CTL, f:\oracle\oradata\oracas\CONTROL03.CTL
db_block_size            = 8192
db_cache_size            = 25165824
compatible               = 9.2.0.0.0
db_file_multiblock_read_count= 16
fast_start_mttr_target   = 300
undo_management          = AUTO
undo_tablespace          = UNDOSTB1
undo_retention           = 10800
remote_login_passWordfile= EXCLUSIVE
db_domain                =
instance_name            = oracas
dispatchers              = (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=oracasXDB)
job_queue_processes      = 10
hash_join_enabled        = TRUE
background_dump_dest     = f:\oracle\admin\oracas\bdump
user_dump_dest           = f:\oracle\admin\oracas\udump
core_dump_dest           = f:\oracle\admin\oracas\cdump
sort_area_size           = 524288
db_name                  = oracas
open_cursors             = 300
star_transformation_enabled= FALSE
query_rewrite_enabled    = FALSE
pga_aggregate_target     = 19922944
aq_tm_processes          = 1
PMON started with pid=2
DBW0 started with pid=3
LGWR started with pid=4
CKPT started with pid=5
SMON started with pid=6
RECO started with pid=7
CJQ0 started with pid=8
QMN0 started with pid=9
Mon Apr 18 17:30:25 2005
starting up 1 shared server(s) ...
starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...
Mon Apr 18 17:30:26 2005
ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT
Mon Apr 18 17:30:30 2005
SUCcessful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 2424210674.
Mon Apr 18 17:30:30 2005
Database mounted in Exclusive Mode.
Completed: ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT
Mon Apr 18 17:30:30 2005
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
Mon Apr 18 17:30:32 2005
Thread 1 opened at log sequence 105
Current log# 2 seq# 105 mem# 0: F:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ORACAS\REDO02.LOG
Successful open of redo thread 1.
Mon Apr 18 17:30:32 2005
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Mon Apr 18 17:30:34 2005
Errors in file f:\oracle\admin\oracas\udump\oracas_ora_3404.trc:
ORA-30012: 撤消表空间 'UNDOSTB1' 不存在或类型不正确
Mon Apr 18 17:30:34 2005
Error 30012 happened during db open, shutting down database
USER: terminating instance due to error 30012
Mon Apr 18 17:30:35 2005
Errors in file f:\oracle\admin\oracas\bdump\oracas_smon_996.trc:
ORA-30012: undo tablespace '' does not exist or of wrong type Mon Apr 18 17:30:35 2005
Errors in file f:\oracle\admin\oracas\bdump\oracas_pmon_3500.trc:
ORA-30012: undo tablespace '' does not exist or of wrong type Instance terminated by USER, pid = 3404
ORA-1092 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN... 于是我查看了以下信息来确认undo表空间的问题 SQL> conn sys/sys@oracas as sysdba
已连接到空闲例程。
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。 Total System Global Area 135338868 bytes
Fixed Size                   453492 bytes
Variable Size             109051904 bytes
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
SQL> select name from v$datafile; NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------
F:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ORACAS\SYSTEM01.DBF
F:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ORACAS\UNDOTBS01.DBF
F:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ORACAS\CWMLITE01.DBF
F:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ORACAS\DRSYS01.DBF
F:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ORACAS\EXAMPLE01.DBF
F:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ORACAS\INDX01.DBF
F:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ORACAS\ODM01.DBF
F:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ORACAS\TOOLS01.DBF
F:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ORACAS\USERS01.DBF
F:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ORACAS\XDB01.DBF
D:\ORADATA\ORACAS\TSCAS11.DBF
E:\ORADATA\ORACAS\TFCAS12.DBF
D:\ORADATA\ORACAS\TSCAS21.DBF
E:\ORADATA\ORACAS\TFCAS22.DBF
D:\ORADATA\ORACAS\TSCAS31.DBF
E:\ORADATA\ORACAS\TFCAS32.DBF
D:\ORADATA\ORACAS\TSCAS41.DBF
E:\ORADATA\ORACAS\TFCAS42.DBF
D:\ORADATA\ORACAS\TSCASINDX1.DBF
E:\ORADATA\ORACAS\TSCASINDX2.DBF
D:\ORADATA\ORACAS\TFCAS13.DBF
D:\ORADATA\ORACAS\TFCAS14.DBF
D:\ORADATA\ORACAS\TFCAS23.DBF
D:\ORADATA\ORACAS\TFCAS24.DBF
E:\ORADATA\ORACAS\TSCASINDX12.DBF
E:\ORADATA\ORACAS\TSCASINDX13.DBF
E:\ORADATA\ORACAS\TSCASINDX24.DBF
E:\ORADATA\ORACAS\TSCASINDX25.DBF
C:\SNAPSHOT01.DBF
C:\TSCAS1.DBF 已选择30行。 SQL> show parameter undo NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- -----------------------
undo_management                      string      AUTO
undo_retention                       integer     10800
undo_suppress_errors                 boolean     FALSE
undo_tablespace                      string      UNDOSTB1
SQL> select name from v$tablespace;
NAME
------------------------------
CWMLITE
DRSYS
EXAMPLE
INDX
ODM
SYSTEM
TOOLS
UNDOTBS1
USERS
XDB
TEMP
TSCAS1
TSCAS2
TSCAS3
TSCAS4
TSCASINDX1
TSCASINDX2
SNAPSHOT_TS 已选择18行。

当时没有自己看问题，就以为是undo文件损坏了，决定重建。注重：后来才发现这里以后的操作是饶了一个解决问题的弯路。由于不open没有办法重新创建undo 表空间，所以决定先用系统默认的undo表空间来启动，然后重建undo 表空间，具体操作如下： SQL> create pfile from spfile; 文件已创建。修改pfile文件 #*.undo_management='AUTO'
#*.undo_tablespace='UNDOSTB1'
undo_management=manual
undo_tablespace='system' 关闭数据库，并且从目录F:\oracle\ora92\database下去掉SPFILEORACAS.ORA文件重新启动 SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: 数据库未打开
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。 Total System Global Area 135338868 bytes
Fixed Size                   453492 bytes
Variable Size             109051904 bytes
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
SQL> alter database open; 数据库已更改。查看表空间信息 SQL> show parameter undo NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
undo_management                      string      MANUAL
undo_retention                       integer     10800
undo_suppress_errors                 boolean     FALSE
undo_tablespace                      string      system
SQL> select name from v$tablespace; NAME
------------------------------
CWMLITE
DRSYS
EXAMPLE
INDX
ODM
SYSTEM
TOOLS
UNDOTBS1
USERS
XDB
TEMP
TSCAS1
TSCAS2
TSCAS3
TSCAS4
TSCASINDX1
TSCASINDX2
SNAPSHOT_TS 并且打开图形界面查看，这时候才发现undo表空间的名字是UNDOTBS1 其实早就能发现的，大家以后分析问题一定不要太快下结论，要自己分析。。。于是做以下操作改变undo 表空间的名字
SQL> create spfile from pfile; 文件已创建。 SQL> shutdown immediate
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。 Total System Global Area 135338868 bytes
Fixed Size                   453492 bytes
Variable Size             109051904 bytes
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
数据库已经打开。
SQL> show parameter undo NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
undo_management                      string      MANUAL
undo_retention                       integer     10800
undo_suppress_errors                 boolean     FALSE
undo_tablespace                      string      system
SQL> alter database set undo_management=auto;
alter database set undo_management=auto
                   *
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-02231: 缺少或无效的 ALTER DATABASE 选项
SQL> alter database set undo_management=auto scope=spfile;
alter database set undo_management=auto scope=spfile
                   *
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-02231: 缺少或无效的 ALTER DATABASE 选项
SQL> alter system set undo_management=auto scope=spfile; 系统已更改。 SQL> alter system set undo_tablespace='undotbs1' scope=spfile; 重启验证： SQL> shutdown immediate
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。 Total System Global Area 135338868 bytes
Fixed Size                   453492 bytes
Variable Size             109051904 bytes
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
数据库已经打开。
SQL> create fpile from spfile;
create fpile from spfile
       *
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-00901: 无效 CREATE 命令

SQL> create pfile from spfile; 文件已创建。 SQL> show parameter undo NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
undo_management                      string      AUTO
undo_retention                       integer     10800
undo_suppress_errors                 boolean     FALSE
undo_tablespace                      string      undotbs1 发现已经好使了教训总结：其实只要一开始分析下v$tablespace就能发现是undo表空间的名字错了，很快就能解决的。不过我上面这种方法可以用于undo表空间文件corrupt的情况：）